EID- UL-FITR

                                                    

In Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, the night before Eid is called Chaand Raat, which means, "Night of the Moon." Muslims in these countries will often visit bazaars and shopping malls with their families for Eid shopping. Women, especially younger girls, will often apply the traditional Mehndi, or henna, on their hands and feet and wear colourful bangles.

The traditional Eid greeting is Eid Mubarak, and it is frequently followed by a formal embrace. Gifts are frequently given — new clothes are part of the tradition — and it is also common for children to be given small sums of money (Eidi) by their elders. It is common for children to offer salam to parents and adult relatives.

After the Eid prayers, it is common for some families to visit graveyards and pray for the salvation of departed family members. It is also common to visit neighbours, family members, specially senior relatives called Murubbis and to get together to share sweets, snacks and special meals including some special dishes that are prepared specifically on Eid. Special celebratory dishes in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh include sivayyan, a dish of fine, toasted sweet vermicelli noodles with milk and dried fruit.[19] In Bangladesh, the dish is called shemai( Bengali: সেমাই ).
Mehndi is the application of henna as a temporary form of skin decoration, commonly applied during Eid ul-Fitr.

On Eid day before prayers, people distribute a charity locally known as fitra. Many people also avail themselves of this opportunity to distribute zakat, an Islamic obligatory alms tax of 2.5% of one's annual savings, to the needy. Zakat is often distributed in the form of food and new clothes.

In Bangladesh, Sholakia (Template:Bangla) is a locality famous for its Eidgah where the largest congregation of Eid prayer of the country is held on the occasion of Eid ul-Fitr, the day of celebration after the fasting month of Ramadan. Around 300,000 people from all over Bangladesh join the prayer on every Eid.
In India, some popular places for Muslims to congregate to celebrate Eid at this time include the Jama Masjid in New Delhi, Mecca Masjid in Hyderabad, Aishbagh Idgah in Lucknow; in Kolkata there is a prayer held on Red Road. Muslims turn out in the thousands, as there is a lot of excitement surrounding the celebration of this festival. It is common for non-Muslims to visit their Muslim friends and neighbours on Eid to convey their good wishes. Eid is celebrated grandly in the city of Hyderabad which has rich Islamic Heritage. Hyderabadi haleem a type of meat stew is a popular dish during the month of Ramadan, it takes centre stage and becomes the main course at Iftar(the breaking of the fast).

EID FESTIVAL IN BANGLADESH

                                                        

As the most important religious festival for the majority Muslims, the celebration of Eid ul-Fitr has become a part of the culture of Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh declares holiday for three days on Eid-ul Fitar. People living in towns having their families or parents in villages go to their country homes to meet relatives and celebrate the festival together. All outgoing public transport from the major cities become highly crowded and in many cases the fares tend to rise in spite of government restrictions.

Adult Muslim males in Bangladesh assemble at the Eid Ghah for prayer in the morning of the Eid day

The biggest Muslim festival observed throughout the world. This is held on the day following the Ramadan or the month of fasting.

On Eid day, Eid prayers are held all over the country, in open areas like fields or else inside mosques. In Dhaka big congregations are held at the National Eidgah and many mosques.All major mosques including the Baitul Mukarram also holds prayers. The biggest congregation of Bangladesh is held at Sholakia in Kishoreganj, where about half a million people join the Eid prayer.[1] After the Eid prayers, people return home, visit each other’s home and eat sweet dishes called Shirni. Throughout the day gentlemen embrace each other. It is also customary for junior members of the society to touch the feet of the seniors, and seniors returning blessings (sometimes with a small sum of money as a gift).

In urban areas people play music, visit each other’s houses and eat special food. Watching movies and television programs has also become an integral part of Eid celebration in urban areas. All local TV channels air special program for several days for this occasion. Eid brings happiness for the people.

SPORTS IN BANGLADESH

Soccer, cricket and kabaddi. Kabaddi is the national sport of Bangladesh. Cricket is a game which has a massive and passionate following in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has joined the elite group of countries eligible to play Test cricket since 2000. The Bangladesh national cricket team goes by the nickname of the Tigers—after the Royal Bengal Tiger.

The people of Bangladesh enjoy watching live sports. Whenever there is a cricket or football match between popular local teams or international teams in any local stadium significant number of spectators gather to watch the match live. The people also celebrate major victories of the national team with a great enthusiasm for the live game. Victory processions are the most common element in such celebrations.

HINDU’S FESTIVEL IN BANGLADESH

                                                        


The biggest religious festival of the Hindu community in Bangladesh is the festival of Durga Puja. Hindus participate in this festival with great devotion. Durga Puja is an old festival but it is difficult to say with any degree of certainty exactly how old it is. The oldest manifestation of goddess Durga, who slew the Mahisasura, belonged to the fifteenth century AD. A series of festivals, centering on Durga Puja, is held in Bangladesh.    
Usually, on the sixth lunar day of the bright fortnight in the Bengali month of Ashwin, the ceremonial awakening of the goddess Durga takes place. Thereafter, Puja is performed for three days on the seventh, eighth and ninth and the immersion of the image of the goddess Durga (with her companions) takes place on the tenth day. People exchange greetings during a period of fifteen days after the immersion of the image of the deity.

On the following full-moon day, Laksmi Puja takes place. Before that, on the new moon day usually in the month of Kartik, Kali Puja is performed. Then, on the last day of the Bengali month of Kartik, Kartik Puja (worship of god Kartik who is the commander-in-chief of heavenly forces) is performed.The series of Pujas, which starts in Ashwin with Durga, comes to an end with Saraswati.

The celebration of Janmastami (lord Krishna’s birthday) is an old festival of this region, particularly of Dhaka City. In almost all the regions of the subcontinent, this day is observed in some manner as a religious festival.

PAHELA BAISHAKH IN BANGLADESH

                                              

The advent of Bengali New Year is gaily observed all over the country. The Day (mid-April) is a public holiday. Most colorful daylong gatherings along with arrangement of cultural program and traditional Panta at Ramna Park, Dhaka is a special feature of Pahela Baishakh. Tournaments, boat races etc. are held in cities and villages amidst great jubilation. Many fairs are held in Dhaka and other towns and villages.

Pahela Baishakh is the first day of the Bangla Calendar. It is usually celebrated on the 14th of April. Pahela Baishakh marks the start day of the crop season. Usually on Pahela Baishakh, the home is thoroughly scrubbed and cleaned; people bathe early in the morning and dress in fine clothes. They spend much of the day visiting relatives, friends, and neighbours and going to fair. Fairs are arranged in many parts of the country where various agricultural products, traditional handicrafts, toys, cosmetics, as well as various kinds of food and sweets are sold. The fairs also provide entertainment, with singers, dancers and traditional plays and songs. Horse races, bull races, bullfights, cockfights, flying pigeons, boat racing were once popular. All gatherings and fairs consist a wide spread of Bengali food and sweets.

INTERNATIONAL MOTHER LANGUAGE DAY

International Mother Language Day is a unique part of the culture of Bangladesh. Every year on February 21 this day is observed to pay tribute to the martyrs who sacrificed their lives to establish Bengali as the official language of then East Pakistan in 1952. The mood of the day is sad and humble. All subsequent movements including struggle for independence owe their origin to the historic language movement. The Shahid Minar (martyrs monument) is the symbol of sacrifice for Bangla, the mother tongue. The day is closed holiday. Mourning procedure begin in Dhaka at midnight with the song Amar vaier raktay rangano ekushay February (21st February, the day stained with my brothers’ blood). Nationals pay homage to the  martyrs by placing flora wreaths at the Shahid Minar. Very recently the day has been declared World Mother Language Day by UNESCO.

The celebration of Language Movement Day goes on the entire month of February. Ekushey Book Fair is a book fair arranged to mark this occasion every year. The fair has also become an integral part of the culture of Bangladesh.

To commemorate this movement, Shaheed Minar, a solemn and symbolic sculpture, was erected in the place of the massacre. On the morning of February 21 each year, people from all walks of life including the national leaders pay tribute to the martyrs by leaving flowers at Shaheed Minar. A very melodious and melancholy song, Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano, written by Abdul Gaffar Choudhury and composed by Altaf Mahmud, is played repeatedly in electronic media and cultural gatherings throughout the month, and especially on February 21. This song, too, has become a symbolic mark of culture of Bangladesh. The people of Bangladesh are feel proud about this day.

BOOK FAIR IN BANGLADESH (ekushe boi mela)

                                            




History
Ekushey Book Fair Dhaka 2002

Muktodhara Publishing house started a little sell in front of Bangla Academy in the 21st February 1972,the Shaheed Day, later International Mother Language Day. Chittaranjan Saha of Muktodhara took the initiative.Later, other book publishers joined there unofficially. Gradually it became official and the most popular book fair of Bangladesh. Bangla Academy took over organization of the fair in 1978. In 1984 it was named Amar Ekushey Book Fair.Notably, in 1990s, another national book fair called Dhaka Boi Mela was initiated. This book fair is organized by government in February every year.Importance

Although Ekushey Boi Mela started merely as a book fair, it has evolved into a national cultural festival reflecting the cultural spirit of the modern Bengali nation.In addition to book sales, Bangla Academy organizes literary and cultural events everyday. Thousands of people gather everyday not only to purchase books but to spend time in the company of books and their authors with a patriotic zeal. There is no entry fee. Publishers of Bangladesh take year-long preparation to publish a huge number of books during this month. Profit is not the consideration. In 2008, 362 book stalls have been set up by publishers, book sellers and such other organization including Bangla Academy and Nazrul Institute. The venue of the book festival and outside is decorated with banners, festoons and placards in conformity with the spirit of Amar Ekushey. The entire fair venue is free from smoking and polythene.It is the cultural reunion of Bangladesh where nearly every writing-related person comes. Attracted by discounted price (25%), readers rush there. Given the importance, generally head of government inaugurates the book fair on the first day of February. TVs make life broadcast of the inaugural ceremony.Structure

Usually, the fair continues from 1 February to the 28th. It is limited only in Bangla Academy's boundary. The Ministry of Culture is in control of the fair while the Academy does the ground work. Usually the Prime Minister (or the Chief Adviser in case of Caretaker government) inaugurates the fair. Between 300 and 400 publishing houses takes part. Only the Bangladeshi booksellers can join who have at least 25 books of their own. There is Nazrul Manch, a corner dedicated to poet Kazi Nazrul Islam; a fixed place for month-long cultural meetings, a Lekhok Kunjo, a dedicated place for writers and, also, a media center for the journalists. Nowadays it became harder to accommodate the huge crowd and the increasing number of publishers. In 2008, the theme of daily conference is 'Bengali Literature and Culture - Achievement of three decades.Ekushey Boi Mela 2008

RICE IN BANGLADESH

                                                    

The dominant food crop of Bangladesh is rice, accounting for about 75 percent of agricultural land use. Rice production increased every year in the 1980s except FY 1981, but the annual increases have generally been modest, barely keeping pace with the population. Rice production exceeded 15 million tons for the first time in FY 1986. In the mid-1980s, Bangladesh was the fourth largest rice producer in the world, but its productivity was low compared with other Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Indonesia. Highyield varieties of seed, application of fertilizer, and irrigation have increased yields, although these inputs also raise the cost of production and chiefly benefit the richer cultivators.

The cultivation of rice in Bangladesh varies according to seasonal changes in the water supply. The largest harvest is aman, occurring in November and December and accounting for more than half of annual production. Some rice for the aman harvest is sown in the spring through the broadcast method, matures during the summer rains, and is harvested in the fall. The higher yielding method involves starting the seeds in special beds and transplanting during the summer monsoon. The second harvest is aus, involving traditional strains but more often including high-yielding, dwarf varieties. Rice for the aus harvest is sown in March or April, benefits from April and May rains, matures during in the summer rain, and is harvested during the summer. With the increasing use of irrigation, there has been a growing focus on another rice-growing season extending during the dry season from October to March. The production of this boro rice, including high-yield varieties, expanded rapidly until the mid-1980s, when production leveled off at just below 4 million tons. Where irrigation is feasible, it is normal for fields throughout Bangladesh to produce rice for two harvests annually. Between rice-growing seasons, farmers will do everything possible to prevent the land from lying fallow and will grow vegetables, peanuts, pulses, or oilseeds if water and fertilizer are available.

WHEAT IN BANGLADESH

                                        

Since the early 1970s, sustained government investment in irrigation facilities, rural infrastructure, agricultural research, and extension services has helped Bangladeshi farmers achieve dramatic increases in food production. Today Bangladesh is nearing self-sufficiency in rice, the major staple. Production of wheat, the second most important cereal, has also increased, although the country still imports significant quantities of wheat to meet rapidly growing domestic demand. While the government of Bangladesh continues to provide strong support to rice producers, its commitment to wheat farmers seems less firm. Some policymakers have gone so far as to question whether support to wheat should be scaled back, citing studies showing that wheat production is unprofitable and represents an inefficient use of resources. But is wheat production in Bangladesh really unprofitable for farmers and inefficient for the country? Researchers from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) recently examined the arguments for and against wheat production in Bangladesh. In Wheat Production in Bangladesh: Technological, Economic, and Policy Issues, Research Report 106, Michael L. Morris, Nuimuddin Chowdhury, and Craig Meisner used a combination of financial and economic analysis to compare production of two irrigated crops (wheat and boro rice) and three nonirrigated crops in five wheat-growing zones.

TEA IN BANGLADESH

Bangladesh produces and exports a large quantity of high quality tea. Most of the tea plantations are situated in the northeastern areas of the country, around Sylhet and Srimongal. Sylhet is situated close to Bangladesh’s border with the Indian states of Meghalaya and Assam. This part of the country is covered by hillocks rising to moderate heights. The rainfall is higher than average, a fact which British tea planters realised in the 18th century to the advantage of tea cultivation. These conditions have provided rich tropical forests with many species of wildlife, scented orange groves and pineapple plantations. It is also the home of Khashia and Monipuri tribals.

South Asia produces many teas including those that are commonly known, such as Dahrjling and Assam teas. Teas from Bangladesh, a small country surrounded by Inda on nearly all sides, however, are essentially unknown despite it having tea gardens since 1857.  Today, Bangladesh has over 150 tea gardens that produce roughly 2% of the world’s tea.  Yet, because they consume nearly all of the tea they produce exports of Bangladesh tea are minimal and few people know about Bangladesh tea.  This may change one day soon; recent efforts by a pioneering and innovative Bangladesh tea garden, Kazi & Kazi, are focused on expanding the exportation of Bangladesh teas.

Only two Kazi & Kazi teas, the golden tippy and large leaf, are currently available in the United States.  The medium, elegantly twisted, golden tippy leaves brew to an earthy aroma with a dark golden cup, full bodied taste, hardy briskness and delicious spiciness. Whereas, the super large, jet black twisted leaves of the Kazi & Kazi large leaf tea brew to an earthy aroma with an amber cup. There is a decided maltiness to the cup with a slight spicy, black cherry flavor. Both teas should be brewed at 212º and steeped for 3 minutes.                                       

AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH (potato)

 

The government of Bangladesh has planned to subsidise potato export to boost its shipment after a bumper harvest saw cold storages teeming with the new crop and farmers worrying over major slide in prices, officials said Sunday.

The move comes after potato yield this year crossed an estimated nine million tonnes, topping the national requirement by at least two million, resulting in precipitous fall in local prices, commerce minister Faruk Khan said.

“We are planning to support potato export so that the farmers are protected from any further price slide,” Khan told the FE.

The exporters said the increased demand for the tuber for exports along with storing of 35 lakh tonnes of potato at cold storages, has helped the prices rebound. On month-on-month basis, the prices of potato rose 16.67 percent to Tk 9-Tk 12 a kilogram in the city markets, according to Trading Corporation of Bangladesh. Plant Protection Wing data showed that 9,687 tonnes of potato were mainly shipped to Malaysia and Singapore in the fiscal year 2009-10. Along with these markets, this year, exports have started to such new markets as Russia, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. SA Quader, managing director of Agri Concern Ltd, said a fall in output in Europe, especially in Russia, has accelerated the demand for potato from South Asian countries including India and Pakistan.

”A vacuum has been created on the global market. Russia has suffered a shortfall of 40 lakh tonnes because of drought,” said Quader. The exporters are looking for new markets as farmers had a production glut through the second year. Last year, farmers bagged 81 lakh tonnes of potato. The current year’s production is expected to exceed the last year’s level. ”We are also trying to export to South Africa,” added Quader, urging the government to fulfil its promise of giving 20 percent cash subsidy.  According to the exporters, the vast exports of the tuber crop are usually done in the February-April period.

                                          

BANGLADESHI ISLAND (St. Martin's Island)

                                                          


In 1493, Christopher Columbus embarked on his second voyage to the New World. According to legend, Columbus sighted and perhaps anchored at the island of Saint Martin on November 11, 1493, the feast day of Saint Martin of Tours. In his honor, Columbus named the island San Martin. This name was translated to Sint Maarten (Dutch), Saint-Martin (French) and "Saint Martin" in English.

At Columbus's time, St. Martin was populated, if populated at all, by Carib amerindians. The former Arawaks had been chased by the Caribs coming from the North coast of South America a short time before the arrival of the Spaniards who followed in Columbus' wake. The Arawaks were agricultural people who fashioned pottery and whose social organization was headed by hereditary chieftains who derived their power from personal deities called zemis.

The Caribs' territory was not completely conquered until the mid-17th century when most of them perished in the struggle between the French, English, Dutch, Danes and Spanish for control of the West Indies. The Dutch first began to ply the island's ponds for salt in the 1620s. Despite the Dutch presence on the island, the Spaniards recaptured St. Martin in 1633 and, one year later, built a fort (now Ft. Amsterdam) and another artillery battery at Pointe Blanche to assert their claim and control access to Great bay salt pond. The Spaniards introduced the first African slaves to the area in the 16th century but the main influx of African slaves took place in the 18th century with the development of Sugarcane plantations by the French Protestants and Dutch. Slavery was abolished in the first half of the 19th century, whereupon on some of their territories the British imported Chinese and East Indians to take the place of slaves. Thus, St. Martin and the other islands are populated by a mixture of Amerindian, European, African, Indians and Asian peoples. West Indian cultures such as in St. Martin are, consequently, exceedingly rich and varied.

the most beautiful sea in bangladesh (COX'S BAZAAR)

                                                    

Ancient name of Cox's Bazar was Bakoli, Mid-seventeenth's name was PENGWA. The Rakhyne word PENGWA means yellow flower. Burmese King Monwaing attacked Cox's Bazar in 1784. He killed the Arakanese King Thamada and took control of the area. So the Arakanese left the area to take shelter in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and Patuakhali. The Government of the then East India Company appointed Captain Hiram Cox as Superintendent and assigned him to rehabilitate the Arakanese refugees. On arrival there in 1799, he defeated the Burmese king in a battle and rehabilitated the Arakanese refugees. After the war, he set up a bazar (market) in that place which was named as Cox's Bazar after him.

Total Area : 2491.86 sq. km
Population : About 2.2 million

The flamboyant township at the head of a 120 km long beach with lines of fancy shops on either sides of Cox's Bazar main road, calm and peaceful Khyangs and Pagodas, Rakhyne quarters, fish harbour of Kostura Ghat, the sights of the rising sun behind the hills and setting of it into the Bay of Bengal- all together gives the aura of a fairy land- a tourist paradise.

Inani

Lovesome patches of beaches perched between the sea and the hills behind, some 30 km down south along the sea-front from Cox's Bazar, Inani is a quiet tourist hideout set out in the exuberance of nature. Reachable by public transport plying between Cox's Bazar- Teknaf and by four wheel jeeps driving along the beach.

Himchhari

A beauty spot in the solitude of the sea and the hills. About four and a half km southeast from Cox's Bazar along the beach. A four wheeled beach drive during low tide hours or part of the way on donkey or elephant back and the remainder afoot would be a rewarding memory.
Attractions around Cox's Bazar

Ramu

A small Buddist village Ramu is 15 km away from Cox's Bazar. Attractions include ancient Buddist temple and Khyang, Ramkot Bonashram, Tirthadham, rubber gardens, Buddhist locality Red Chin Khyang, White Chin Khyang, Jhorkhyang. Ramu is half an hour bus ride from Cox's Bazar. Taxi and minibus are available too.
Moheshkhali

An island in the Bay in the.north western direction off Cox's Bazar. The island is dotted here and there with forested hills with the ancient Adinath Temple and a buddhist vihara in its midst, fishermen's villages and the Rakhyne villages etc. are greater attractions of the island. Engine boats and trawlers ply between the island and Cox's Bazar main land every hour throughout the day.
Speed-boats and trawlers ferry across passengers regularly. Speed-boats take 10-15 minutes and trawlers half an hour.

Sonadia

This is a maiden island of Cox's Bazar across the Bay. Under the wide open blue sky fishing community, dry fish processing and colonies of the red sea crabs are attractions of the island.

Teknaf

Teknaf, a romantic old-world border township in the southern tip of Bangladesh territory looking up to the Myanmar high hill ranges across the river Naf. Teknaf is 85 km from Cox's Bazar by road and 120 km by the beach along the sea. One can reach there by public transport that leaves Cox's Bazar every hour. It is about 2 hours' journey each way.

The spring (basanta) The last of the seasons occurs between winter and summer, spreads over the Bangla months Phalgun and Chaitra (mid-February to mid-April). The spring season is very brief in Bangladesh and practically prevails during March only. During this season, winds are variable in direction because this is the time of transition between the northerly or northwesterly winds of winter and the southerly or southwesterly winds of summer. Weather is normally pleasant, with 20 to 25 percent cloud-cover, comfortable temperature and moderate relative humidity. Average temperature in March varies from 22°C to 25°C all over the country, with relative humidity ranging from 50 to 70 percent. However, temperature, cloud-cover and relative humidity during the early part of the season are lower than their respective average values. Occasionally, isolated thunderstorms may occur in the afternoon, especially during the second half of March.

Spring is called the king of seasons. The climate at this time is very pleasant and inspires people to take morning and evening walks. At this time the sky is clear and plants sprout new leaves. There are balmy breezes from the south, very welcome after the cold winter. Flame-coloured shimul, palash and krsnachuda blossom, as does the golden radhachuda and the mauve jarul. Fruit trees such as mango and jackfruit also flower at this time. Spring sees the advent of the cuckoo, which sings hidden in the foliage. This is also the season for befs to become active gathering nectar. Wheat, oat and mustard dominate the fields. Hindus celebrate pujas like Basanti and doljatra. In the past this season was marked by epidemics like cholera and smallpox (which was called basanta). Smallpox has since been completely eradicated and cholera largely controlled.

The seasons of Bangladesh regulate its economy, communication, trade and commerce, art and culture and, in fact, the entire lifestyle of the people.

season of bangladesh (winter)

                                             

Winter (shit) The fifth season and the colder part of the year, in contrast to Summer, the hotter. According to the Bangla calendar it spreads over the months of Paus and Magh (mid-December to mid-February). But practically, November through February is the winter season in Bangladesh. Average temperatures in January vary from about 11°C in the northwestern and northeastern parts of the country to 20°C to 21°C in the coastal areas. Northern Bangladesh is cooler than southern Bangladesh, with occasional cold spells that claim lives. During this season, a centre of high pressure lies over the northwestern part of India (Himalayan zone). A stream of cold air flows eastward from this high pressure and enters Bangladesh through its northwest corner. During this season, winds inside Bangladesh generally have a northerly component (ie, flowing from north or northwest).

The winter season is very dry, which accounts for less than 4 percent of the total annual rainfall. Average rainfall during the season varies from less than 2 cm in the west and south to slightly over 4 cm in the northeast. Rainfall in this season is caused by the wind coming from the Mediterranean region that enters the country from the northwestern part of India along the Ganges basin. Rainfall amount is slightly enhanced in the northeastern Bangladesh by the orographic effect of the Meghalaya Plateau. These rainy spells bring the temperature down. The nights are longer than the days and mornings are often foggy. This is the time when deciduous trees shed their leaves.

Winter is the best and most enjoyable season of Bangladesh. A larger variety of vegetables are available in the markets. So is fish, particularly large koi, magur, shing. Special flowers of the season are Ganda and Suryamukhi. Boroi (jujube) and oranges are among the fruits of this season. Date juice is extracted during this time, to be used as juice or made into gud (molasses). This is the season for pitha or rice cakes such as bhapa pitha, chitai pitha, patisapta and puli pitha.

season of bangaldesh (late autumn)

                                                     

Late autumn (hemanta) The fourth season, covers Kartik and Agrahayan (mid-October to mid-December). Actually it is a transitional phase between autumn and winter. By mid-November the evenings grow cool. The contrast between the daytime and nighttime temperatures results in heavy dew. This is also the time for colds, cough and fever. In this season farmers are very busy with harvesting paddy and celebrate navana with the new rice crop.

Once the land has emerged from its watery grave, it is time to replant in new, fertile soil that is rich in nutrients. During this season, the land is at its luscious best. Festivals flourish to hail the harvest, the end of the floods, the coming of the new soil and the wonder of the rivers. The country’s troubadours are everywhere, dressed in bright clothes and singing for money. The land and its people come to life during hemanto, when the flowers bloom – jasmine, water lily, rose, magnolia, hibiscus and bougainvillea. By the season’s end, the air is no longer humid. Fresh scents replace the dry jute smell. Hemanto marks the start of the wedding season where receptions are held under red, blue, green or white tents.

season of bangladesh (summer)

                                              

Summer (grisma) Comprises Baishakh and Jyaistha (mid-April to mid-June), the two Bangla calendar months, when days are hot and dry. But the influence of summer is usually felt from mid-March. The heat of the sun dries up the waterbodies including the rivers,canal and the wetlends. The summer days are longer than the nights. At this time the southerly or southwesterly monsoons flow over the country. When dry and cool streams of air flowing from the west and northwest come in contact with rain laden clouds, storms occur, which, at times, take a violent form. These storms are popularly known as kalbaishakhi or destructive Baishakh storm.

The Bengali year begins with summer, with the Pahela Baishakh (first day of Baishakh) being the Bangla New Year. Hindus observe many seasonal festivals during this period, including jamaisasthi (the sixth day of the bright fortnight in Jyaistha when a son-in-law is blessed by his parents-in-law). Summer is a season of fruits, with mango [Am], blackberry [Jam], starapple [jamrul], jackfruit [Kathal], pineapple [Anaras], guava [Peyara], litchis, deuya (Artocarpus lacucha), watermelon, chalta (Dillenia indica), latkan (Baccaurea remiflora), palmyra [tal], and hog-plum (amda) available in plenty. This is also the time when Roses, Bakul, Beli, Tagar and Jaba flowers blossom.

the season of bangladesh (sarat)

Sarat (September to October) Autumn

Autumn (sharat) Lasts during Bhadra and Ashvin (mid-August to mid-October). This is traditionally the season when housewives put out clothes, musty and damp because of the rains, to air and dry in the hot sun of Bhadra. However, the bright day is often punctuated by sudden showers. The dark clouds in a grey sky, characteristic of the rainy season, are replaced by white clouds floating in a blue sky. Though at the beginning of this season, the days can be hot and sultry, towards the end of the season the nights and mornings become cool. The gradual decrease of humidity also makes the weather comfortable. During autumn a large number of fragrant flowers blossom: shiuli, roses, bakul, mallika, kamini and madhabi. The lotus grows in the wetlands and kash flower on the riverfronts. This is also the time when the palmyra ripens.durga puja is celebrated during this season.

the season of bangladesh (BORSA)

Barsa (June to August) Rainy Season

In Bangladesh, which has both the world’s largest delta system and the greatest flow of river water to the sea, water rules the earth, and so the most important season of all is barsa, a time of lashing rains and tearing winds. In this season, 70 percent of the land is under water – water from rivers, the sea, rain, tidal waves, floods and the melting snows of the Himalayas. The rains are at first a welcome relief from the baking, dusty hot season. But as the rains continue, the land turns into a brown and watery mass, ever-changing in shape and texture. Fields and homes are flooded; people and animals have to move to higher ground. Food is reduced to pre-cooked rice, dal and jackfruit that ripen at this time. During the rains, most villages are isolated, accessible only by boat. The people become self-sufficient and depend on each other rather than the outside world. The rain has turned stagnant water fresh again. Children leap naked into ponds. Women swim in sarees. Men dive in wearing sarongs. It is during the rainy season that Bangladesh’s main crop, jute, begins to ripen and is harvested. Farmers dive down to the roots to cut them. The stalks are placed on high ground to dry. Aside from the practical problems, the rains and water also inspire the poetry, art and songs of the people.

CURZON HALL

                                                                 

Curzon Hall is part of the school of science of the University of Dhaka.
Curzon Hall meant to be a town hall, was named after Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, who laid its foundation in 1904. A year later Bengal was partitioned and Dhaka or Dacca as it was known then, became the capital of the newly created province of East Bengal and Assam. Following the annulment of partition in 1911 it was used as a premise of Dhaka College, and after the establishment of the University of Dhaka in 1921, became part of the university's science section and continues as such.

Curzon Hall has attained great significance in the history of the Language Movement. It was here, in 1948, that students of Dhaka University uttered their first refusal to accept Mohammad Ali Jinnah's declaration that Urdu alone would be the state language of the whole of Pakistan.

Architecture:

One of the best examples of Dhaka's architecture, it is a happy blend of European and Mughal elements, particularly noticeable in the projecting facade in the north which has both horse-shoe and cusped arches. The style combined traditional art with modern technology and functions and favored Mughal forms such as arches and domes, believed to have entered the Islamic world from the west. It marks the casting aside of veiled power after the Sepoy Revolt of 1857, and India's passing directly under the British Crown, seeking legitimacy by linkage to the Mughals. The red colour substituting for red sandstone, and the ornate brackets, deep eaves, and domed terrace pavilions (chhatris), specially of the middle section are strikingly reminiscent of the small but well-known Diwan-i-Khas in the palace fortress of Fatehpur Sikri, Emperor Akbar's capital between 1570 and 1585. Not only were both cities new capitals, but the deliberate choice of the Fatehpur Sikri style may be explained by the fact that the British favoured Akbar as the wisest and most tolerant of all the Mughals, feeding into the ideal of their own role in India.

Temple City Puthia

                                      

Puthia has the largest number of historically important Hindu structures in Bangladesh. The most amazing of the village’s monuments is the Govinda Temple, which was erected between 1823 and 1895 by one of the maharanis of the Puthia estate. It’s a large square structure crowned by a set of miniature ornamental towers. It’s covered by incredibly intricate designs in terracotta depicting scenes from Hindu epics, which give it the appearance of having been draped by a huge red oriental carpet. The ornate Siva Temple is an imposing and excellent

   

Example of the five-spire Hindu style of temple architecture common in northern India. The ornate temple has three tapering tiers topped by four  spires. It’s decorated with stone carvings and sculptural works, which unfortunately were disfigured during the War of Liberation. The village’s 16-century Jagannath Temple is one of the finest examples of a hut-shaped temple: measuring only 5m (16ft) on each side, it features a single tapering tower, which rises to a height of 10m (33ft). Its western facade is adorned with terracotta panels of geometric design. Puthia is 23km (14mi) east of Rajshahi and 16km (10mi) west of Natore.

historical place (Kantaji's Temple)

                                         

Kantaji's Temple is in Dinajpur district. It is the most ornate among the late medieval temples of Bangladesh is the Kantajee’s temple near Dinajpur town, which was established in the year 1722 by Ram Nath, son of Maharaja Pran Nath .The temple, a 51' square three storied edifice, rests on a slightly curved raised plinth of sandstone blocks, believed to have been quarried from the ruins of the ancient city of Bangarh near Gangharampur in West Bengal. It was originally a navaratna temple, crowned with four richly ornamental corner towers on two stores and a central one over the third stored. Unfortunately these ornate towers collapsed during an earthquake at the end of the 19th century. ln spite of this, the monument rightly claims to bathe finest extant example of its type in brick and terracotta, built by Bengali artisans. The central cells is surrounded on all sides by a covered verandah, each pierced by three entrances, which are separated by equally ornate dwarf brick pillars, Corresponding to the three delicately cusped entrances of the balcony, the sanctum has also three richly decorated arched openings on each face. Every inch of the temple surface is beautifully embellished with exquisite terracotta plaques, representing flora fauna, geometric motifs, mythological scenes and an astonishing array of contemporary social scenes and favorite pastimes. The beautiful wall paints of this temple tell us the story of Ramayan-Mohabharat, Krishna-Lila and Dev-Devies. There are another interesting places to visit in Dinajpur which are Dinajpur Rajbari and Rajbari Kali Temple.

historical place (Mohasthangarh)

                                          

Mohasthangarh is one of the main attractions in north Bengal. It was the capital of Kingdom of the Mourjo, the Gupta and the Sen Dynasty. This is the ancient archeological and historical which was, established in 2500 BC. It is the oldest archaeological site of Bangladesh is on the western bank of river Karatoa 18 km. north of Bogra town beside Bogra-Rangpur Road. The spectacular site isan imposing landmark in the area having a fortified, oblong enclosure measuring 5000 ft. by 4500 ft. with an average height of 15 ft. from the surrounding paddy fields. Beyond the fortified area, other ancient ruins fan out within a semicircle of about five miles radius. Several isolated mounds, the local names of which are Govinda Bhita Temple, Khodai Pathar Mound, Mankalir Kunda, Parasuramer Bedi, Jiyat Kunda etc. surround the fortified city. This 3rd century archaeological site is still held to be of great sanctity by the Hindus. Every year (mid-April) and once in every 12 years (December) thousands of Hindu devotees join the bathing ceremony on the bank of river Karatoa.A visit to Mahasthangarh site museum will open up for you wide variety of antiquities, ranging from terracotta objects to gold ornaments and coins recovered from the site. Now it is one of the major tourist spots maintained by Bangladesh archeological Department.You can go to Mohasthanagar from Bogra town, 10 km. away. Don’t forget to visit Mohasthangar museum while visiting Mohasthangar. Mohasthan Buddhist Stambho is another attraction for the tourists; it is locally called as Behula’s Basar.

 

Paharpur Buddhist Monastery

Paharpur Buddhist Monastery is another tourist attraction of North Bengal. Paharpur is a small village 5 km. west of Jamalganj in the greater Rajshahi district. You can go to Paharpur from Jaipur district. Its only 10 km from Jaipur. King Dharma Pal established Paharpur Buddhist Monastery in 7th century, which is the most important and the largest known monastery south of the Himalayas,has been excavated. The main Mandir s in the centeri of this Monastery. This 7th century archaeological find covers approximately an area of 27 acres of land. The entire establishment, occupying a quadrangular

court , measuring more than 900 ft. externally on each side, has high enclosure- walls about 16 ft. in thickness and from 12 ft. to 15 ft. height. With elaborate gateway complex on the north, there are 45 cells on the north and 44 in each of the other three sides with a total number of 177 rooms. The architecture of the pyramidal cruciform temples profoundly influenced by those of South-East Asia, especially Myanmar and Java. A small site-Museum built in 1956-57 houses the representative collection of objects recovered from the area, where you can see the statues of Buddha and Vishnu. The excavated findings have also been preserved at the Varendra Research Museum at Rajshahi. The antiquities of the museum include terracotta plaques, images of different gods and goddesses, potteries, coins, inscriptions, ornamental bricks and other minor clay objects.

historical place of bangladesh (Sitakund)

                                                    




the most nice palce in bangladesh in chittagong.
About 40 km from Chittagong. This is famous for the Chandranath Hinduy Temple and the Buddist Temple. There is a hot water spring 5 km to the north of Sitakund. Other important places of interest include Shrine of Shah Amanat, Shahi Jame Mosque, Chandanpura Mosque, Portuguese Arsenal Port Area, Marine Academy, Biponi Bitan (New Market) and Government Circuit House built during British days. Accommodation, sightseeing and car hire services.

historical place of bangladesh (Tomb of Pari Bibi)

                                         

Lalbagh Fort is an incomplete Mughal palace fortress at the Buriganga River in the southwestern part of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Construction was commenced in 1678 by Prince Muhammad Azam during his 15-month long vice-royalty of Bengal, but before the work could complete, he was recalled by Aurangzeb. His successor, Shaista Khan, did not complete the work, though he stayed in Dhaka up to 1688. His daughter Iran Dukht nicknamed Pari Bibi (Fairy Lady) died here in 1684 and this led him to consider the fort to be ominous.

The tomb of Bibi Pari, located in the center, is the most impressive of the surviving buildings of the fort. Eight rooms surround a central square room that contains the mortal remains of Bibi Pari. The central room is covered by a false octagonal-shaped dome, wrapped by a bronze plate.

The entire inner wall of the central room is covered with white marble, while the four rooms at the sides had stone skirting up to a height of one metre. The walls in the rooms at the four corners are skirted with beautifully glazed floral tiles. The tiles have recently been restored; two of the original tiles have been retained. The room at the south eastern corner contains a small grave, popularly known to be of that of Shamsad Begum, possibly a relative of Bibi Pari.

The archaeological excavations have also revealed strata of the Sultanate, as well as of the pre-Muslim periods, from where terracotta heads and plaques have been found. Thus, it is now justified to say that though the Mughals founded Dhaka, it was definitely inhabited long before the Muslims came to Bengal.

historical place fo bangladesh (SONAR GAON)

                                        






On the Dhaka-Chittagong highway about 29 km from Dhaka, Sonargaon is one of the oldest capitals of Bengal. It was the seat of Deva Dynasty until the 13th century. From that century onward till the advent of the Mughals, Sonargaon was the subsidiary capital of the Sultanate of Bengal.
Another name of Sonargaon was "The City of Panam". Now, the relies of uildings of the old dynasties, Goaldia Mosque and the Folklore Museum that houses artifacts from every cultural trait of the country increase the attractions of this place.
At Jainal Abedin Museum in Sonargaon, you will find somehistorical and archeological things. Among the ancient monuments still intact are the Tomb of Sultan Ghiasuddin (1399-1409 A. D), the shrines of Panjpirs and Shah Abdul Alia and a beautiful mosque in Goaldi village.
Opening hours: 9am - 5pm Fri-Wed

historical place of bangladesh (Kantaji Temple)

                                 


 The most ornate among the late medieval Hindu temples of Bangladesh Kantaji temple is situated near Dinajpur town. It was built by Maharaja Pran Nath in 1752. Every inch of the temple surface is beautifully embellished with exquisite terracotta plaques, representing flora and fauna, geometric motifs, mythological scenes and an astonishing array of contemporary social scenes and favourite pasttime. The Maharaja's palace with relics of the past and the local museum are well worth a visit.

Temples: Important temples of the Hindus community in Dhaka included the Dhakeshwari Temple (11th century) and Ramkrishna Mission.

Churches: Armenian church (1781 A.D.), St. Mary's Cathedral at Ramna, Church of Bangladesh or former Holy Rosary Church (1677 A.D.) at Tejgaon.

Chandranath Hindu Temple, Sitakunda: It is approximately 37 km. far from Chittagong city. This is famous for Chandranath Hindu Temple - one of the oldest temples in the subcontinent. There is also Buddhist Temple having a footprint of Lord Buddha. These places particularly the hilltops are regarded as a very sacred by the hindus and buddhist. Shiva Chaturdoshi (14th) festivals is held every year in February when thousands of pilgrims assemble which lasts for ten days. There is also a hot-water spring 5 km. to the north of Sitakunda.

Sri Chaitanya Temple: About 500 years old famous temple of Sri Chaitanya Dev is located at Dhaka Dakshin nearly 45 km. south-east from Sylhet town. The place is revered for being the ancestral home of the famous Vaishnava saint. Yearly fair is organized on the full moon day of the bangla month Falgun. Hundreds and thousand of devotees from home and abroad attend this colorful fair.

                                            

historical place of bangladesh (Shat-Gambuj Mosque, Bagerhat)

                                                        

In mid-15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the inhospitable mangrove forest of the Sundarbans near the seacoast in the Bagerhat district by an obscure saint-general, named Ulugh Khan Jahan. He was the earliest torchbearer of Islam in the South who laid the nucleus of an affluent city during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (1442-59), the city was known as 'Khalifatabad' (present Bagerhat). Khan Jahan built numberous mosques, tanks, roads and other public buildings, the spectacular ruins of which are focused around the most imposing and largest multidomed mosques in Bangladesh, known as the Shait-Gambuj Masjid (160'x108'). The serene and imposing monument, stands on the eastern bank of a vast sweet-water tank, clustered around by the heavy foliage of a low-lying countryside. The mosque roofed over with 77 squat domes, including 7 chauchala or four-sided pitched Bengali domes in the middle row. The vast prayer hall, although provided with 11 arched doorways on east and 7 each on north and south for ventilation and light, presents a dark and sombre appearance inside. It is divided into 7 longitudinal aisles and 11 deep rows by a forest of slender stone columns, from which spring rows of endless arches, supporting the domes. Six feet thick, slightly tapering walls and hollow and round, almost detached corner towers, resembling the bastions of fortress, each capped by small rounded cupolas, recall the Tughlaq architecture of Delhi.

historical place of bangladesh (Gandhi Asram)

                                                  



Situated about 23 km. north-west of Choumuhani town and 2 km. east of Chatkhil at Jayag in Noakhali district. This asram was established in the memory of historic visit of the Mahatma Gandhi to Noakhali and devoted to his ideology. In 1946-47 Mahatma the protagonist of Ahimsa ideology visited this region with a view to preach peace. Historical Charka and other valuables used by Mahatma are preserved in this asram and those evoke deep respect to the unique memories of the great soul.

Historical place of dhaka (Dighapatiya Rajbari )

                                                   






Natore lies about 40 km. from Rajshahi and is an old seat of the Maharajah of Dighapatiya, now serving as the Uttara Ganabhaban (The Official northern region residance of the President of the Republic). The palace has large, spacious grounds and is surrounded by a fine moat. The palace has well-equipped guest-house, an imposing gateway and a fine garden decorated with statues of white marble.

HISTORICAL PLACE IN DHAKA (LAL BAGH KELLA)

                                             

The fort was built in 1678 by Prince Mohammad Azam, son of Mughal emperor Aurangozeb. It is one of the most famous place in dhaka.It was the most oldest place in dhaka.

The fort was the scene of a bloody battle during the first war of independence (1857) when 250 soldiers stationed here backed by people revolted against british forces. Besides the main structure, Lalbagh Fort also has a number of other buildings and monuments such as the tomb of Pari Bibi, Lalbagh mosque, audience hall and hammam khana (bathing place) of Nawab Shaista Khan now housing a museum.

everyday many people come to this place to visit this.and they enjoy it very much.

HISTORICAL PLACE OF BANGLADESH-SHAHID MINAR

 

                                             


Shahid Minar The Shaheed Minar is a national monument in Dhaka, Bangladesh, established to commemorate those killed during the Language Movement demonstrations of 1952.On February 21, 1952, dozens of students and political activists were killed when the Pakistani police force opened fire on Bengali protesters who were demanding equal status to their native tongue, Bangla. The massacre occurred near Dhaka Medical College and Ramna Park in Dhaka. A makeshift monument was erected on February 23 by students of University of Dhaka and other educational institutions, but soon demolished on February 26 by the Pakistani police force.The Language Movement gained momentum and after a long struggle, Bangla was given equal status as Urdu. To commemorate the dead, the Shaheed Minar was designed and built by Hamidur Rahman, a Bangladeshi sculptor. The monument stood until the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, when it was demolished completely during Operation Searchlight. After Bangladesh gained independence, it was rebuilt .Today, the Shaheed Minar is the centre of cultural activities in Dhaka. Every year, the Language Movement is remembered at the monument

Vector-borne diseases

Climate change is like to have important effects on the prevalence of vector-borne diseases in Bangladesh. Changes in climate are likely to lengthen the transmission seasons of important vector-borne diseases, and alter their geographic range. Dengue, formerly unknown in Bangladesh, is rapidly replicating due to rising temperatures. Already dengue is an emerging disease in the major cities of Dhaka and Chittagong^.

The number of malaria cases has dramatically risen over the past several decades. Records show that the incidence of malaria increased from 1556 cases in 1971; to 15375 cases in 1981; to 30,282 cases in 1991; and to 42,012 in 2004.Japanese encephalitis is also increasing in prevalence and is an emerging cause of encephalitis in Bangladesh. Higher rates of breeding in mosquitoes can accelerate the transmission of Japanese encephalitis. Visceral leishmaniasis is another disease that is increasing in prevalence as a result of flooding. Its cases cluster near flood embankments where standing water creates the environment for mosquito breeding. Building more embankments, a likely response to sea-level rise, may result in increase in the number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. 

Bangladesh instituted a Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan in 2008 that includes addressing health and infrastructure, however there is still much work to be done to protect the country from the effects of climate change.